原生HTTP使用(上)
文章转载自【菜鸟教程】https://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/android-tutorial-httpurlconnection.html (opens new window)
# 1. HttpURLConnection简介
答:一种多用途、轻量极的HTTP客户端,使用它来进行HTTP操作可以适用于大多数的应用程序。 虽然HttpURLConnection的API提供的比较简单,但是同时这也使得我们可以更加容易地去使 用和扩展它。继承至URLConnection,抽象类,无法直接实例化对象。通过调用openCollection() 方法获得对象实例,默认是带gzip
压缩的;
# 2. HttpURLConnection的使用步骤
使用HttpURLConnection的步骤如下:
(1) 创建一个URL对象: URL url = new URL(https://www.baidu.com);
(2) 调用URL对象的openConnection( )来获取HttpURLConnection对象实例: HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
(3) 设置HTTP请求使用的方法:GET或者POST,或者其他请求方式比如:PUT conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
(4) 设置连接超时,读取超时的毫秒数,以及服务器希望得到的一些消息头 conn.setConnectTimeout(6*1000); conn.setReadTimeout(6 * 1000);
(5) 调用getInputStream()方法获得服务器返回的输入流,然后输入流进行读取了 InputStream in = conn.getInputStream();
(6) 最后调用disconnect()方法将HTTP连接关掉 conn.disconnect();
除了上面这些外,有时我们还可能需要对响应码进行判断,比如200:
if(conn.getResponseCode() != 200)
setConnectTimeout()
:指的是与请求网址的服务器建立连接的超时时间。setReadTimeout()
:指的是建立连接后如果指定时间内服务器没有返回数据的后超时
# 3.HttpURLConnection使用示例
这里我们主要针对GET和POST请求写两个不同的使用示例,我们可以conn.getInputStream() 获取到输入流,需要写一个类将流转化为二进制数组!工具类如下:
StreamTool.java:
public class StreamTool {
//从流中读取数据
public static byte[] read(InputStream inStream) throws Exception{
ByteArrayOutputStream outStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
while((len = inStream.read(buffer)) != -1)
{
outStream.write(buffer,0,len);
}
inStream.close();
return outStream.toByteArray();
}
}
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# 3.1 HttpURLConnection发送GET请求代码示例
运行效果图:
核心部分代码:
布局:activity_main.xml
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/txtMenu"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="48dp"
android:background="#4EA9E9"
android:clickable="true"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="长按我,加载菜单"
android:textSize="20sp" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/imgPic"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:visibility="gone" />
<ScrollView
android:id="@+id/scroll"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:visibility="gone">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/txtshow"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</ScrollView>
<WebView
android:id="@+id/webView"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</LinearLayout>
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获取数据类:GetData.java:
public class GetData {
// 定义一个获取网络图片数据的方法:
public static byte[] getImage(String path) throws Exception {
URL url = new URL(path);
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
// 设置连接超时为5秒
conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
// 设置请求类型为Get类型
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
// 判断请求Url是否成功
if (conn.getResponseCode() != 200) {
throw new RuntimeException("请求url失败");
}
InputStream inStream = conn.getInputStream();
byte[] bt = StreamTool.read(inStream);
inStream.close();
return bt;
}
// 获取网页的html源代码
public static String getHtml(String path) throws Exception {
URL url = new URL(path);
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
if (conn.getResponseCode() == 200) {
InputStream in = conn.getInputStream();
byte[] data = StreamTool.read(in);
String html = new String(data, "UTF-8");
return html;
}
return null;
}
}
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MainActivity.java
🔗MainActivity.java (opens new window)
最后别忘了加上联网权限:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
# 3.2 HttpURLConnection发送POST请求代码示例
有GET自然有POST,我们通过openConnection获取到的HttpURLConnection默认是进行Get请求的, 所以我们使用POST提交数据,应提前设置好相关的参数:
conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true); // 设置允许输入
conn.setUseCaches(false); // POST方法不能缓存,要手动设置为false
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运行效果图:
核心代码:
PostUtils.java
public class PostUtils {
public static String LOGIN_URL = "http://172.16.2.54:8080/HttpTest/ServletForPost";
public static String LoginByPost(String number,String passwd)
{
String msg = "";
try{
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(LOGIN_URL).openConnection();
//设置请求方式,请求超时信息
conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
conn.setReadTimeout(5000);
conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
//设置运行输入,输出:
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true);
//Post方式不能缓存,需手动设置为false
conn.setUseCaches(false);
//我们请求的数据:
String data = "passwd="+ URLEncoder.encode(passwd, "UTF-8")+
"&number="+ URLEncoder.encode(number, "UTF-8");
//这里可以写一些请求头的东东...
//获取输出流
OutputStream out = conn.getOutputStream();
out.write(data.getBytes());
out.flush();
if (conn.getResponseCode() == 200) {
// 获取响应的输入流对象
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
// 创建字节输出流对象
ByteArrayOutputStream message = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
// 定义读取的长度
int len = 0;
// 定义缓冲区
byte buffer[] = new byte[1024];
// 按照缓冲区的大小,循环读取
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
// 根据读取的长度写入到os对象中
message.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
// 释放资源
is.close();
message.close();
// 返回字符串
msg = new String(message.toByteArray());
return msg;
}
}catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}
return msg;
}
}
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# 4.使用HttpURLConnection发送PUT请求
public static String LoginByPut(Context mContext, String mobile, String password, int from, String devid,String version_name, int remember_me) {
String resp = "";
try {
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(LOGIN_URL).openConnection();
conn.setRequestMethod("PUT");
conn.setReadTimeout(5000);
conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true);
conn.setUseCaches(false);
String data = "mobile=" + mobile + "&password=" + password + "&from=" + from + "&devid=" + "devid"
+ "&version_name=" + "version_name" + "&remember_me=" + remember_me;
;
// 获取输出流:
OutputStreamWriter writer = new OutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream());
writer.write(data);
writer.flush();
writer.close();
// 获取相应流对象:
InputStream in = conn.getInputStream();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null)
response.append(line);
SPUtils.put(mContext, "session", conn.getHeaderField("Set-Cookie"));
// 资源释放:
in.close();
// 返回字符串
Log.e("HEHE", response.toString());
return response.toString();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "";
}
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